Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal. It is the westernmost large city located in Europe, as well as its westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast. Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world, predating other modern European capitals such as London, Paris and Rome by hundreds of years. Julius Caesar made it a municipium called Felicitas Julia, adding the name Olissipo. Ruled by a series of Germanic tribes from the fifth century, it was captured by the Moors in the eighth century. In 1147, the Crusaders under Afonso Henriques reconquered the city and since then it has been a major political, economic, and cultural centre of Portugal. A traditional form of public transport in Lisbon is the tram. Introduced in the 19th Century, the trams were originally imported from